BZNCarbon’s 4D and 5D carbon-carbon composites are next-generation materials tailored for the most demanding thermal and structural environments. Unlike traditional 3D carbon-carbon materials, our 4D/5D composites incorporate additional fiber orientations within the plane, offering optimized load distribution and durability.

Manufactured using pitch-based or resin-based matrices and advanced CVI/CVD processes, these composites exhibit outstanding mechanical integrity, density control, and heat resistance. With customizable properties and formats, BZNCarbon’s high-density 4D/5D C/C composites are ideal for mission-critical systems across aerospace, defense, energy, and industrial sectors.

What Are 4D and 5D Carbon-Carbon Composites?

While all C/C materials are inherently three-dimensional (with fiber alignment in the X, Y, and Z axes), 4D and 5D structures introduce one or more additional fiber bundles within the planar directions—such as hoop, radial, or circumferential reinforcements. This enhances in-plane mechanical strength and thermal conductivity without compromising weight.

BZNCarbon can also provide polar-woven or hoop-based 4D composites, where reinforcement follows circular or radial patterns, commonly used in rotating systems or cylindrical thermal barriers.

We produce materials with bulk densities ranging from 1.5 to 1.95 g/cm³, and we are capable of reaching ≥1.90 g/cm³ with specialized isostatic and HIP equipment.

Applications

Aerospace structural components
Rocket motor insulators and throat linings
Brake pads and friction discs for defense or racing
High-temperature molds and tooling
Furnace supports, carriers, and lining systems
Nuclear shielding and containment fixtures
Thermal protection systems for re-entry vehicles

General Specifications (XYZ-based 4D Composites)

Property	Direction	Requirement	Typical Result
Bulk Density	—	≥ 1.85 g/cm³	1.868 g/cm³
Fiber Configuration	—	4D	4D
Tensile Strength	X-Y / Z	≥130 MPa / ≥70 MPa	161 MPa / 76 MPa
Tensile Modulus	X-Y / Z	≥50 GPa / ≥30 GPa	59.1 GPa / 38 GPa
Flexural Strength	X-Y	≥120 MPa	142 MPa
Compressive Strength	X-Y / Z	≥160 MPa / ≥220 MPa	162 MPa / 274 MPa
Thermal Conductivity (900°C)	X-Y / Z	≥40 / ≥20 W/m·K	50 / 22 W/m·K
Thermal Expansion (1000°C)	X-Y / Z	0.5–1 / 1–1.5 ×10⁻⁶/K	0.55 / 1.16 ×10⁻⁶/K
Porosity	—	3–5%	4.3%
Specific Heat (RT–590°C)	X-Y / Z	Reported	1.569×10³ / 1.620×10³ J/kg·K
X-ray Inspection	—	No defects	Passed

Polar / Hoop-Woven 4D Composite Specifications

Property	Value
Fiber Volume – Total	40–45%
Fiber Volume – Hoop Direction	45% ± 5
Fiber Volume – Axial Direction	36% ± 4
Fiber Volume – Radial Direction	19% ± 4
Bulk Density	≥ 1.90 g/cm³
Tensile Strength (Hoop)	≥ 100 MPa
Compressive Strength (Hoop)	≥ 80 MPa
Compressive Strength (Axial)	≥ 71 MPa
Thermal Conductivity (900°C)	≥ 40 W/m·K (Hoop) / ≥ 22 (Axial)
Thermal Expansion	< 3.1 ×10⁻⁶ /°C
Open Porosity	< 5%
Carbon Content	≥ 99.9%
Graphitization Temperature	≥ 2500 °C